{"id":18143,"date":"2026-01-12T15:57:32","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T07:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/?page_id=18143"},"modified":"2026-05-25T10:12:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T02:12:22","slug":"an-integrated-coastal-ecosystem-model-icem-to-assess-the-environmental-impacts-of-anthropogenic-activities-and-climate-change-on-hybrid-solutions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/an-integrated-coastal-ecosystem-model-icem-to-assess-the-environmental-impacts-of-anthropogenic-activities-and-climate-change-on-hybrid-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"An Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM) to assess the environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on hybrid solutions (V2-P4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"e1fbee43-9b5d-45b7-a230-45348ded6e97\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/e1fbee43-9b5d-45b7-a230-45348ded6e97.png\" alt=\"An Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM) to assess the environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on hybrid solutions v2-p4\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1450\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h1>An Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM) to assess the environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on hybrid solutions<\/h1>\r\n<p>This project evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid coastal protection strategies that combine natural and engineered elements. Using the Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM), the research assesses how these solutions perform under climate change and human pressures, with the goal of improving the sustainability and long-term functionality of Singapore&#8217;s coastal defences.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Research Goals<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"190\">Build a deeper understanding of how coastal ecosystems function by developing an Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM).<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"190\">Evaluate how climate change and human pressures influence the performance of hybrid coastal protection strategies.<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"190\">Translate research findings into practical, science-based guidelines for designing and implementing nature-based solutions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Why This Matters<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"183\">The research findings and modelling tools developed will guide Singapore in designing and assessing hybrid coastal protection strategies that strengthen resilience to sea-level rise and climate change.<\/li>\r\n<li data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"183\">By optimising the balance between natural and engineered elements, this project supports the nation&#8217;s broader efforts in climate adaptation and long-term coastal protection.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Latest Research Highlights<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>Environmental Monitoring and Water Quality<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Collected comprehensive water quality data across seasons, depths, and locations to support robust coastal ecology models and ongoing coastal monitoring initiatives.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>Hydrodynamic-Water Quality Model<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Established a process-based Delft-3D hydrodynamic-water quality model, including algae and phytoplankton modules, to simulate past, present, and future coastal dynamics and explore scenario-based responses.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>Mangrove Ecosystem Insights<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Statistical and modeling analyses identified key environmental factors influencing mangrove and seagrass health, examined potential competitive interactions with phytoplankton, informing the design of long-term, nature-based coastal protection strategies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Meet the Team<\/h2>\r\n<p>Meet the team behind the<em> Promoting hybrid solution resilience by optimising hydrodynamical and structural influences on coral larval attachment to reefs and sediment clustering amid seagrass<\/em> project.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Prof_Karina_Gin\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Prof_Karina_Gin-150x150.avif\" alt=\"Professor Karina Gin\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Principal Investigator (PI): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Professor Karina Gin<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Sheng_Huang\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Sheng_Huang-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"huang sheng research fellow\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Fellow (RF): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr Huang Sheng<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Jerome_Kok\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Jerome_Kok-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"jerome kok\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Co-Principal Investigator (Co-PI): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr Jerome Kok<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Felix_Tandadjaja\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Felix_Tandadjaja-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"felix tandadjaja research fellow\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Engineer (RE):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mr Felix Gaffu Tandadjaja<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Xuneng_Tong\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Xuneng_Tong-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"xuneng tong\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Co-Principal Investigator (Co-PI): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Assistant Professor Tong Xuneng<br \/><\/strong>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Dawn_Xiang_Zhixin\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Dawn_Xiang_Zhixin-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"dawn research engineer cfi\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Engineer (RE):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ms Xiang Zhixin (Dawn)<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"te-shu-harn-cfi\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/te-shu-harn-cfi-150x150.png\" alt=\"te shu harn research fellow\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Senior Research Fellow (Senior RF): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr Te Shu Harn<br \/><\/strong>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Joshua Yuan Zilin\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Joshua-Yuan-Zilin-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"joshua yuan zilin research engineer coastal protection and flood resilience institute\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Engineer (RE):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mr Yuan Zilin (Joshua)<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Carl_Medriano\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Carl_Medriano-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"carl medriano research fellow\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Fellow (RF): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr Carl Medriano<br \/><\/strong>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Zhian_Lin\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/Zhian_Lin-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"zhian lin research assistant coastal protection and flood resilience institute\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Research Assistant (RA): <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mr Lin Zhian<\/strong><br \/>National University of Singapore<\/p>\r\n<h2>More Projects from the V2 Domain<\/h2>\r\n<p>Explore research under Integrated Nature-Based Solutions that creates resilient hybrid coastal systems, using natural processes to strengthen Singapore&#8217;s protection against flooding, sea-level rise, and extreme weather, with a focus on practical long-term implementation and monitoring.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-meta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"b2a14613-6f64-4c17-94b5-0d921efb878e\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/b2a14613-6f64-4c17-94b5-0d921efb878e.png\" alt=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Meta v2-p1\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1450\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3><a title=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Meta\" href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-meta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions &#8211; Meta <\/a><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/promoting-hybrid-solution-resilience-by-optimising-hydrodynamical-and-structural-influences-on-coral-larval-attachment-to-reefs-and-sediment-clustering-amid-seagrass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"15afd1e2-a457-41bd-8cae-456c6b2b1988\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/15afd1e2-a457-41bd-8cae-456c6b2b1988.png\" alt=\"Promoting hybrid solution resilience by optimising hydrodynamical and structural influences on coral larval attachment to reefs and sediment clustering amid seagrass v2-p5\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1450\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3><a title=\"Promoting hybrid solution resilience by optimising hydrodynamical and structural influences on coral larval attachment to reefs and sediment clustering amid seagrass\" href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/promoting-hybrid-solution-resilience-by-optimising-hydrodynamical-and-structural-influences-on-coral-larval-attachment-to-reefs-and-sediment-clustering-amid-seagrass\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Promoting hybrid solution resilience by optimising hydrodynamical and structural influences on coral larval attachment to reefs and sediment clustering amid seagrass <\/a><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-hydro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"4e25d4e2-3dec-4e4e-999d-ceeec0f45f49\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/4e25d4e2-3dec-4e4e-999d-ceeec0f45f49.png\" alt=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Hydro V2-P2\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1435\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3><a title=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Hydro\" href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-hydro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions &#8211; Hydro <\/a><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/maximizing-the-beneficial-environmental-effects-of-tropical-hybrid-shorelines-maxbeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"02f12a79-001a-479d-96b7-7873813bd63b\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/02f12a79-001a-479d-96b7-7873813bd63b.png\" alt=\"Maximizing the beneficial environmental effects of tropical hybrid shorelines - (MaxBETH) V2-P6\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1450\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3><a title=\"Maximizing the Beneficial Environmental Effects of Tropical Hybrid Shorelines - (MaxBETH)\" href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/maximizing-the-beneficial-environmental-effects-of-tropical-hybrid-shorelines-maxbeth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Maximizing the Beneficial Environmental Effects of Tropical Hybrid Shorelines &#8211; (MaxBETH) <\/a><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-eco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"817e9e87-25a4-4037-ae4b-81d80eb25063\" src=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2025\/11\/817e9e87-25a4-4037-ae4b-81d80eb25063.png\" alt=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Eco V2-P3\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1450\" \/> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3><a title=\"Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions - Eco\" href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/shore-protection-with-integrated-nature-based-solutions-eco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Shore Protection with Integrated Nature-based Solutions &#8211; Eco <\/a><\/h3>\r\n<p>Download CFI&#8217;s project booklet for more information on each project<br \/><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/39\/2024\/10\/CFI-Singapore-Tranche1-and-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CFI Singapore Tranche 1 and 2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>If you wish to reach out regarding a specific project, please email CFI Singapore at <a href=\"mailto:cfisg@nus.edu.sg\">cfisg@nus.edu.sg<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM) to assess the environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on hybrid solutions This project evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid coastal protection strategies that combine natural and engineered elements. Using the Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Model (ICEM), the research assesses how these solutions perform under climate change and human [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":335,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18143","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/335"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18143"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18321,"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18143\/revisions\/18321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cde.nus.edu.sg\/cfisg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}