Calculation schematic of effective frontal area density of tree canopy
Velocity vector in the x–z plane in the middle of the domain
Distribution of Tree Porosity at Sample Points in Singapore
The map of frontal area density in Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. (Resolution: 200m×200 m)
Urban permeability map of the pedestrian-level natural ventilation in Wuhan, China
Different densities between new town areas and metropolitan areas
Pedestrian-level wind speed map with four classifications
Estimated overall wind velocity ratio map that represents annually averaged wind permeability
Estimated wind speed map at the pedestrian level
Natural ventilation assessment in Paya Lebar Airbase area during Northeast monsoon (Resolution: 200 m x 200 m)
Natural ventilation assessment of Singapore during Northeast monsoon (Resolution: 200 m x 200 m)
Iso-thermal surface of ΔT= 1 °C, outside surfaces, ΔT= 0.5 °C, inside surfaces. Pinnacle, Singapore