Projects
Centre for Sustainable Asian Cities (CSAC)
Decoding Vernacular Architecture by Guiding Human Intuition with Deep Learning
Heng Chye Kiang, Li Jiali, Chang T C, Xue Xuan, Yang Yaotian, Tian Zihui
Urban Climate Design Lab (UCDL)
Publications
NUS Cities
Distilling actionable insights from big travel demand datasets for city planning
Alvin Chua, Serene Ow, Kevin Hsu, Wang Yazhe, Michael Chirico, Huang Zhongwen
Chua, A., Ow, S., Hsu, K., Yazhe, W., Chirico, M., & Zhongwen, H. (2020). Distilling actionable insights from big travel demand datasets for city planning. Research in Transportation Economics, Thredbo 16 Conference, 83, 100850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100850
Urban Analytics Lab (UAL)
A graph neural network for small-area estimation: integrating spatial regularisation, heterogeneous spatial units, and Bayesian inference
Pengyuan Liu, Yang Chen, Xiucheng Liang, Hao Li, Filip Biljecki, Rudi Stouffs
Liu, P., Chen, Y., Liang, X., Li, H., Biljecki, F., & Stouffs, R. (2025). A graph neural network for small-area estimation: Integrating spatial regularisation, heterogeneous spatial units, and Bayesian inference. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 0(0), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2597971
GeoAI: Beyond mapping earth and cities through explainability, adaptability, and sustainability
Yongze Song, Filip Biljecki, Gustau Camps-Valls, Peter M. Atkinson
Song, Y., Biljecki, F., Camps-Valls, G., & Atkinson, P. M. (2026). GeoAI: Beyond mapping earth and cities through explainability, adaptability, and sustainability. iScience, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.114407
The Cool, Quiet City machine learning competition: Overview and results
C Miller, M Ibrahim, I S Akbar, B Picchetti, Y X Chua, Mario Frei, Filip Biljecki, A Chong, Matias Quintana, C Fu
Miller, C., Ibrahim, M., Akbar, I. S., Picchetti, B., Chua, Y. X., Frei, M., Biljecki, F., Chong, A., Quintana, M., & Fu, C. (2025). The Cool, Quiet City machine learning competition: Overview and results. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 3140(11), 112017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3140/11/112017
Enhancing urban digital twin interfaces to support thermal comfort planning
D Wang, J Lim, Marcel Ignatius, Kunihiko Fujiwara, B G Gottkehaskamp, Filip Biljecki, N H Wong, C Miller
Wang, D., Lim, J., Ignatius, M., Fujiwara, K., Gottkehaskamp, B. G., Biljecki, F., Wong, N. H., & Miller, C. (2025). Enhancing urban digital twin interfaces to support thermal comfort planning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 3140(8), 082017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3140/20/082017
VoxCity: A seamless framework for open geospatial data integration, grid-based semantic 3D city model generation, and urban environment simulation
Kunihiko Fujiwara, Ryuta Tsurumi, Tomoki Kiyono, Zicheng Fan, Xiucheng Liang, Binyu Lei, Winston Yap, Koichi Ito, Filip Biljecki
Fujiwara, K., Tsurumi, R., Kiyono, T., Fan, Z., Liang, X., Lei, B., Yap, W., Ito, K., & Biljecki, F. (2026). VoxCity: A seamless framework for open geospatial data integration, grid-based semantic 3D city model generation, and urban environment simulation. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 123, 102366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102366
OpenFACADES: An open framework for architectural caption and attribute data enrichment via street view imagery
Xiucheng Liang, Jinheng Xie, Tianhong Zhao, Rudi Stouffs, Filip Biljecki
Liang, X., Xie, J., Zhao, T., Stouffs, R., & Biljecki, F. (2025). OpenFACADES: An open framework for architectural caption and attribute data enrichment via street view imagery. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 230, 918–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.10.014
Evaluating the development of open 3D city models: a multidimensional assessment
Binyu Lei, Filip Biljecki
Lei, B., & Biljecki, F. (2025). Evaluating the development of open 3D city models: A multidimensional assessment. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, X-4-W6-2025, 137–144. ISPRS TC IV (WG IV/1)<br />20th 3D GeoInfo Conference - 2–5 September 2025, Kashiwa, Japan. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W6-2025-137-2025
Can Urban Digital Twins Support the Realization of Sustainable Development Goal 11? Identifying Key Social and Technical Challenges
Senqi Yang, Edgardo G. Macatulad, Filip Biljecki, Gamze Dane
Yang, S., Macatulad, E. G., Biljecki, F., & Dane, G. (2025). Can Urban Digital Twins Support the Realization of Sustainable Development Goal 11? Identifying Key Social and Technical Challenges. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, X-4-W7-2025, 129–136. ISPRS TC IV (WG IV/1)<br />9th International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities (SDSC) - 2–5 September 2025, Kashiwa, Japan. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W7-2025-129-2025
Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels
Chenyi Cai, Kosuke Kuriyama, Youlong Gu, Filip Biljecki, Pieter Herthogs
Cai, C., Kuriyama, K., Gu, Y., Biljecki, F., & Herthogs, P. (2025). Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, X-4-W7-2025, 1–8. ISPRS TC IV (WG IV/1)<br />9th International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities (SDSC) - 2–5 September 2025, Kashiwa, Japan. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-4-W7-2025-1-2025
GeoAI and Urban Geography
Pengyuan Liu, Yujun Hou, Binyu Lei, Xiucheng Liang, Filip Biljecki
Liu, P., Hou, Y., Lei, B., Liang, X., & Biljecki, F. (2025). GeoAI and Urban Geography. In X. Huang, S. Wang, J. Wilson, & P. Kedron (Eds.), GeoAI and Human Geography: The Dawn of a New Spatial Intelligence Era (pp. 251–266). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87421-5_18
RooFormer: Reconstructing detailed 3D roof models from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using transformer
Dayu Yu, Fan Ye, Peng Yue, Min Chen, Filip Biljecki
Yu, D., Ye, F., Yue, P., Chen, M., & Biljecki, F. (2025). RooFormer: Reconstructing detailed 3D roof models from high-resolution remote sensing imagery using transformer. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 227, 745–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.06.010
Bi-directional mapping of morphology metrics and 3D city blocks for enhanced characterisation and generation of urban form
Chenyi Cai, Biao Li, Qiyan Zhang, Xiao Wang, Filip Biljecki, Pieter Herthogs
Cai, C., Li, B., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Biljecki, F., & Herthogs, P. (2025). Bi-directional mapping of morphology metrics and 3D city blocks for enhanced characterisation and generation of urban form. Sustainable Cities and Society, 129, 106441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106441
Texture2LoD3: Enabling LoD3 Building Reconstruction With Panoramic Images
Wenzhao Tang, Weihang Li, Xiucheng Liang, Olaf Wysocki, Filip Biljecki, Christoph Holst, Boris Jutzi
Tang, W., Li, W., Liang, X., Wysocki, O., Biljecki, F., Holst, C., & Jutzi, B. (2025). Texture2LoD3: Enabling LoD3 Building Reconstruction With Panoramic Images (arXiv:2504.05249). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.05249
Quantifying seasonal bias in street view imagery for urban form assessment: A global analysis of 40 cities
Tianhong Zhao, Xiucheng Liang, Filip Biljecki, Wei Tu, Jinzhou Cao, Xiaojiang Li, Shengao Yi
Zhao, T., Liang, X., Biljecki, F., Tu, W., Cao, J., Li, X., & Yi, S. (2025). Quantifying seasonal bias in street view imagery for urban form assessment: A global analysis of 40 cities. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 120, 102302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102302
ZenSVI: An open-source software for the integrated acquisition, processing and analysis of street view imagery towards scalable urban science
Koichi Ito, Yihan Zhu, Mahmoud Abdelrahman, Xiucheng Liang, Zicheng Fan, Yujun Hou, Tianhong Zhao, Rui Ma, Kunihiko Fujiwara, Jiani Ouyang, Matias Quintana, Filip Biljecki
Ito, K., Zhu, Y., Abdelrahman, M., Liang, X., Fan, Z., Hou, Y., Zhao, T., Ma, R., Fujiwara, K., Ouyang, J., Quintana, M., & Biljecki, F. (2025). ZenSVI: An open-source software for the integrated acquisition, processing and analysis of street view imagery towards scalable urban science. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 119, 102283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102283
What is a Digital Twin anyway? Deriving the definition for the built environment from over 15,000 scientific publications
Mahmoud Abdelrahman, Edgardo G. Macatulad, Binyu Lei, Matias Quintana, Clayton Miller, Filip Biljecki
Abdelrahman, M., Macatulad, E., Lei, B., Quintana, M., Miller, C., & Biljecki, F. (2025). What is a Digital Twin anyway? Deriving the definition for the built environment from over 15,000 scientific publications. Building and Environment, 274, 112748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112748
Coverage and bias of street view imagery in mapping the urban environment
Zicheng Fan, Chen-Chieh Feng, Filip Biljecki
Fan, Z., Feng, C.-C., & Biljecki, F. (2025). Coverage and bias of street view imagery in mapping the urban environment. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 117, 102253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102253
Urban Climate Design Lab (UCDL)
High-resolution pedestrian-level air temperature evaluation in tropical high-density cities–Using machine learning and point‑based morphology
Yilu Luo, Do Phuong Tung Bui, Chao Yuan
Luo, Y., Bui, D. P. T., & Yuan, C. (2026). High-resolution pedestrian-level air temperature evaluation in tropical high-density cities–Using machine learning and point‑based morphology. Building and Environment, 294, 114374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114374
Machine learning-based design optimization of urban greening for cooling in tropical cities
Taihan Chen, Xiao Liu , Chao Yuan
Chen, T., Liu, X., & Yuan, C. (2026). Machine learning-based design optimization of urban greening for cooling in tropical cities. Building and Environment, 295, 114468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114468
A city-scale mapping tool for assessing effects of urban greenery and morphologies on thermal comfort: A case study in Singapore
Taihan Chen, Vivek Kumar Singh, Shuyang Zhang, Liqing Zhang, Chao Yuan
Chen, T., Singh, V. K., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., & Yuan, C. (2026). A city-scale mapping tool for assessing effects of urban greenery and morphologies on thermal comfort: A case study in Singapore. Building and Environment, 287, 113760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113760